曼丽讲解“餐馆振兴补助金”申请事项。（讲座截图）
【侨报记者杨澄雨4月24日纽约报道】联邦政府为帮助餐饮业复苏而推出的286亿元“餐馆振兴补助金”（Restaurant Revitalization Fund，简称RRF)项目即将开放，人力中心23日联合联邦小商业署(SBA)举办在线讲座，介绍该项目的申请相关事项，鼓励华裔餐饮业者尽快准备申请材料，以便在申请开放后第一时间提交。
联邦小商业署经济发展专员郭曼丽介绍，“餐馆振兴补助金”旨在为餐饮业提供与疫情相关的收入损失相等的资金，其中每家餐馆可申请的补助金额最高不超过500万，若企业拥有多家店面则补助最多不超过1000万元。补助金须用在2020年2月15日至2023年3月11日期间所有符合条件的用途，如房租、水电、员工工资、维修费用、防护用品、食物和饮料支出等。
郭曼丽称，该项目申请门槛低，且业者只要符合条件在三年内用完则无需偿还。可申请企业包含餐馆、餐车、酒吧、小吃摊、啤酒厂、酿酒厂、面包店、酒庄、宾馆等。该项目未规定企业的开业时间，凡在疫情期间开业或在去年和今年成立但还未开业的店铺均可申请。
郭曼丽说，“餐馆振兴补助金”预计在5月第一周开放申请，届时前21天将仅优先处理女性企业、退伍军人，以及社会经济弱势的个人所拥有的企业申请。华裔业者可先联系会计师准备好2019年和2020年税表和财物报表等资料，可登录SBA网站：https://www.sba.gov/funding-programs/loans/covid-19-relief-options/restaurant-revitalization-fund#section-header-6了解详情和申请。申请过程中若需协助也可致电SBA热线：1-844-279-8898。
于美国政府不再继续为无医保者新冠检测和治疗项目提供资金，美国的无医保者今后将必须自费进行核酸检测并自行负担新冠治疗费用，免费疫苗也不再是想打就能打。
A man is given a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) test at pop-up testing site in New York City, US, April 11, 2022. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid
People who don’t have health insurance are now being charged 0 or more for Covid testing by some labs and may face bills for hospital treatment, and free vaccines may not be as easy for everyone to get since emergency federal aid for some pandemic programs has run out and hasn’t been renewed by Congress.
由于赞助疫情期间一些项目的联邦政府紧急拨款已枯竭且国会没有注入新资金，如今没有医保的美国人在接受部分实验室的核酸检测时将需要缴纳至少100美元（约合人民币637元）的费用，并可能需要自费住院治疗，打免费疫苗也没那么容易了。
Funding for the uninsured was dropped by Senate and House negotiators after Republicans opposed the money needed to extend the program, a senior Democratic aide in the US House told CNBC.
美国众议院的一名资深民主党助手告诉美国消费者新闻与商业频道称，由于共和党人反对继续向这一项目投钱，参众两院的谈判代表已经放弃为无医保者提供资金。
Meanwhile, the Health Resources and Services Administration, which runs the uninsured program for HHS, stopped accepting claims to test and treat uninsured Covid patients on March 22 due to insufficient funds. While the US is providing Covid shots for free, the agency stopped covering the costs to administer the vaccines for uninsured people as of April 5.
与此同时，由于资金不足，为美国卫生与公众服务部运营这一无医保项目的卫生资源和服务管理局也从3月22日起停止接收要求做核酸检测和治疗的无医保新冠患者。美国目前仍免费提供新冠疫苗，但是该机构从4月5日起不再负担无医保者注射疫苗的费用。
Several major testing companies are now charging the uninsured. Quest Diagnostics told CNBC uninsured people now have to pay at least 0 for a PCR test, which is the most accurate one. Labcorp told CNBC the company is charging 9 for its PCR testing for people who aren’t covered by insurance. Curative, which runs thousands of testing sites across 34 states, said it can no longer provide free Covid testing to the uninsured in areas of the country where state or local governments aren't picking up the tab.
几家大型检测公司现在也开始对无医保者收费。奎斯特诊断公司告诉美国消费者新闻与商业频道，人们现在至少要支付100美元才能做准确度最高的核酸检测。美国实验室控股公司对美国消费者新闻与商业频道说，该公司向做核酸检测的无医保者收费119美元。在全美34个州运营数千个检测点的美国凯迪泰医疗科技有限公司表示，在那些州政府或当地政府不承担费用的地方，该公司将不能再为无医保者免费提供核酸检测。
Without additional federal money, people in the US will face a dramatic reduction in access to testing, particularly the uninsured, that will likely result in Covid outbreaks that were preventable, according to Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association.
美国公共卫生协会执行董事乔治·本杰明博士指出，没有了额外的联邦政府资金支持，美国民众核酸检测机会将会剧减，尤其是无医保者，这将可能导致本可避免的疫情暴发。
Uninsured people who become hospitalized with Covid could also face bills for their treatment now that the federal government is no longer reimbursing hospitals, according to Molly Smith with the American Hospital Association. Smith said treating someone with Covid can cost anywhere from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars if the patient ends up on a mechanical ventilator.
美国医院协会的莫莉·史密斯称，如今联邦政府不再报销医院账单，住院治疗新冠肺炎的无医保者将必须自费治疗。史密斯说，一个人治疗新冠肺炎的费用至少需数万美元，如果患者上了呼吸机，治疗费用将高达数十万美元。
Some hospitals have financial assistance plans for the uninsured, Smith said. However, there is growing concern that some patients simply won’t go to the hospital when they need treatment for Covid because they’re worried about how much it will now cost.
史密斯说，一些医院有针对无医保者的财政援助计划。但是，一些患者害怕治疗费用高昂，根本不会去医院，这也越来越令人担忧。
There were 28 million uninsured people in the US in 2020, according to the most current data available from the Census Bureau. The current number of uninsured is likely lower due to a record 14.2 million people signing up for health insurance through the Affordable Care Act as of January this year, about 2 million more people than the previous record of 12.6 million set in 2016.
根据从人口普查局得到的最新数据，2020年美国共有2800万无医保者。目前的无医保者数量可能比那时低，因为截止今年1月，共有1420万人通过平价医疗法案加入了医保，这一数字刷新了记录，比上一次新加入医保人数记录（2016年的1260万人）多了约200万人。
The uninsured are often people of color and lower-income workers who have jobs that put them at higher risk of infection because they are work in industries such as retail, restaurant and grocery stores where they interact with the public and can’t stay at home, according to Jennifer Tolbert, an expert on the uninsured at the Kaiser Family Foundation.
凯泽家庭基金会关于无医保者的专家詹尼弗·托尔伯特说，无医保者往往是有色人种和低收入劳动者，这部分劳动者在零售、餐厅和食品杂货店等行业工作，他们需要和公众互动，不能居家工作，因此感染风险也更高。
While Covid cases are low right now in the US compared to the peak of the winter omicron wave, barriers to testing will leave these communities more vulnerable again if another wave hits the US, Tolbert said. Curative said its real-time data points to another potential surge on the horizon.
托尔伯特说，尽管美国目前的新冠病例数量相比去年冬天奥密克戎感染高峰期大为减少，但是如果新一波疫情来袭，这些检测屏障将会让美国社区再次变得不堪一击。凯迪泰公司表示，实时数据显示，另一波疫情可能即将来临。
The uninsured program, established at the start of the pandemic under the Trump administration, has paid out about billion in claims since 2020, according to HRSA. Tolbert said about 60% of that money went toward testing, 31% for Covid treatments, and 9% for the administrative costs of vaccinations.
据卫生资源和服务管理局称，疫情之初在特朗普执政时期成立的无医保项目自2020年以来已经支付了约200亿美元。托尔伯特表示，约60%的钱用于检测，31%的钱用于治疗新冠肺炎，9%的钱用于疫苗接种的行政开支。
"The truth is that unfortunately the uninsured are the last to be thought about and the first to get the negative outcomes when we decide to pull back,” Benjamin said.
本杰明称：“事实上，不幸的是，当政府决定撤资时，无医保者总是最后被考虑到但却是最先承受恶果的那一群人。”
英文来源：美国消费者新闻与商业频道网站
翻译&编辑：丹妮
周二，
米其林广州指南公布了它选出的
2020星级餐厅。
两家餐厅获得二星，
十家获一星。
一星和二星各有一家新餐厅上榜，其中御宝轩从一星升到两星。
榜单一经公布，大家争论不休。
从2007年发布首份东京篇算起，这份享誉世界的美食指南登陆亚洲已经13年。五年前，米其林指南正式进入中国，并且在三年前推出广州版。
尽管一直是大众焦点，但米其林指南进入中国后，并没获得大多数消费者的认可，更别说名厨和老饕。
源于推动汽车旅行，成于星级打分系统
1900年，这本红皮指南由同名法国轮胎制造商首次出版，当时法国只有不到3000辆汽车，但汽车旅游方兴未艾。米其林公司的创办人安德鲁和爱德华·米其林两兄弟十分看好汽车旅行的发展前景，决定出版一本旅游指南，鼓励车主们多出门，好提振他们的轮胎生意。
一开始这些旅游手册是免费分发的，内容包括地图，换轮胎指南，沿途的机修店和酒店清单。首轮印发的35000册大获成功后，比利时、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙的版本也相继推出。1920年，米其林引入餐厅榜单，很快它开始派出自己的秘密观察家。
到了20世纪30年代，米其林推出了带星级的打分系统，这一具有高度竞争性的模式是促成这份指南广为人知的主要因素。
万众睢睢中出发，饱受诟病中前行
从一开始，人们就对米其林指南成为世界了解中国美食的窗口而满怀期待。然而人们发现，在2016年上海成为首个米其林发布星级指南的城市时，上榜的约100家餐厅中，唯一一家三星餐厅唐阁并非沪菜餐厅，而是粤菜餐厅。
2018年，首份米其林广州指南颁布，63家上榜餐厅中，没有一家获得两星或三星。八家一星餐厅中有四家都位于消费不菲的豪华酒店。
毫不意外，在这座中国美食之都，米其林被争议淹没。“法国人不懂中国食物”，“这是一份贵食指南，不是美食指南”，种种批评不一而足。
大部分亲身试验米其林餐厅的消费者和老饕认为，这些星级餐厅的食物水准虽高于平均，但鲜有能代表当地风味者。
2019年，首份米其林北京指南同样差评如潮，由于上榜的三星餐厅中，没有一家提供传统的中国北方食物，有人指责它暗含着西方文化优越感。
“水土不服”或由于文化差异及缺乏独立性
为何米其林来华后，总呈现“水土不服”？一些人倾向归因于文化差异。毕竟大多数中国消费者在欧洲和其他西方国家旅游时，仍会信任米其林推荐的餐厅。
一些人则诟病米其林餐厅接受了太多捐助，影响其独立性。例如，米其林泰国版本主要由当地旅游局资助。而米其林香港则曾接受包括雀巢和依云在内的一众企业的款项。
法国轮胎能够贴合中国的公路，但没能贴合中国美食爱好者的品位。至少目前没有。注：部分资料编译自法新社、南华早报和Quartz杂志。 CFP供图
“The French Will Not Understand” —— A Brief History of Michelin Guide in China
This Tuesday， Michelin Guide to Guangzhou announced its 2020 stars.
Two restaurants got two stars and 10 received one， with one restaurant in each category appearing there for the first time. Imperial Treasure Fine Chinese Cuisine moved up from the one-star to two-star category this year.
It is the third year of the world-renown food guide landing in Guangzhou， the fifth year in China， and the thirteenth year in Asia since its first Tokyo version in 2007.
Though always under the spotlight， the Michelin guide has never gained recognitions from the majority of customers since its entry to China， let alone chefs and foodies.
The red-covered guide is published by the French tyre manufacturer of the same name. It was first published in France in 1900， when there were fewer than 3，000 automobiles on the roads but the prospects for car travel were promising. To encourage motorists to take to the road and so boost their tyre-manufacturing business， brothers Andre and Edouard Michelin decided to print a travel guide.
At first distributed for free， it included maps， a how-to on changing tyres， and lists of mechanics and hotels along the route. The first run of 35，000 copies was such a success that guides for Belgium， Germany， Portugal and Spain followed. Michelin introduced restaurant listings in 1920. Soon after it started sending out undercover inspectors.
In the early 1930s came the ratings via a star hierarchy that developed into the highly competitive formula for which the guide is perhaps best known today.
Undoutedly， at first the Michelin guide is expected to introduce the Chinese cuisines to the world. However， when Shanghai got its first stars in 2016， the only one to get the coveted three stars—awarded to only about 100 restaurants—was T’ang Court. The restaurant serves Cantonese food rather than local Shanghainese cuisine.
In 2018， Michelin announced Guangzhou stars for the first time. 63 restaurants were listed， none of which got two or three stars. Four out of the eight restaurants which got one star， are in luxury hotels， and expensive.
Unsurprisingly， the Michelin was overwhelmed with controversies in the city known as serving one of the best cuisines in China： “The French don’t understand the Chinese food”， “It’s a guide to expensive food， not good one” …
Some customers and foodies decided to get the first-hand experience， and most concluded that the Michelin stars are above average but rarely representative of the local cuisines.
Local reaction to the first Michelin Beijing guide in 2019 was almost entirely negative， even accusing it of “cultural superiority”， partly because none of the top three awardees serve traditional northern food.
Why Michelin appears to be so ignorant of the Chinese cuisines？ Some are inclined to blame the cultural differences for it. After all， most Chinese users still trust Michelin for recommendations when travelling in Europe and other Western countries.
Others accuse Michelin of accepting too much sponsorship and question its independency. For instance， its Thailand edition was heavily backed by the country’s tourism authority. In Hong Kong， funding for Michelin guide was boosted by contributions from a slew of corporate sponsors， including Evian and Nespresso.
The French tyres can grip the roads in China， but not the Chinese food lovers…yet.
